A tip leads investigators to a local man with a known history of burglary. Investigators collect glass fragments from a shattered cabinet door with a distinct pattern etched into the glass. Learn more about trace evidence ▸ If these are found on the suspect’s clothing, in their vehicle or at their residence, it could provide circumstantial evidence linking the person to the scene.įor example, police are called to a residential neighborhood where a home invasion and burglary has just occurred. These can be items such as fibers from carpeting at the scene, glass fragments, soil, vegetation and other trace evidence. ![]() To help establish the linkage of people and things to a scene, the investigator may also collect known substances, called control samples. This type of evidence answers the question, “How did it happen?” A broken window, a blood spatter pattern, bullet paths and shoe prints can all reveal what actually happened. While associative evidence links people to the place of the crime, reconstructive evidence allows investigators to gain an understanding of the actions that took place at the scene. This type of evidence answers the question “Who did this?” This may include items such as fingerprints, blood and bodily fluids, weapons, hair, fibers and the like. Any evidence that can link a person to the scene is referred to as associative evidence. The logic behind this principle allows investigators to link suspects to victims, to physical objects, and to scenes. This principle is generally summed up by stating: “Every contact leaves a trace.” ![]() It states that whenever someone enters or exits an environment, something physical is added to and removed from the scene. The key principle underlying crime scene investigation is a concept that has become known as Locard’s Exchange Principle.
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